{"id":5709,"date":"2018-06-14T11:10:40","date_gmt":"2018-06-14T09:10:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.incipe.org\/?p=5709"},"modified":"2018-06-14T11:10:40","modified_gmt":"2018-06-14T09:10:40","slug":"china-una-nueva-cita-con-la-historia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/2018\/06\/14\/china-una-nueva-cita-con-la-historia\/","title":{"rendered":"China, una nueva cita con la historia"},"content":{"rendered":"

El pasado 14 de junio, INCIPE organiz\u00f3 un Desayuno de Trabajo tituladoo China, una nueva cita con la historia<\/em>, que corri\u00f3 a cargo del Embajador de Espa\u00f1a en la Rep\u00fablica Popular China, Manuel Valencia, entre los a\u00f1os 2013 y 2017. <\/strong><\/p>\n

China no es un pa\u00eds como los dem\u00e1s ya que el 20% de la humanidad habita dentro de sus fronteras y tiene una marcada identidad fruto de 5.000 a\u00f1os de civilizaci\u00f3n propia ininterrumpida. Sin embargo, esto no significa que el pa\u00eds permanezca inalterado. As\u00ed, hoy en d\u00eda asistimos al nacimiento de una nueva dinast\u00eda, liderada por Xi Jinping. El m\u00e1ximo mandatario chino inici\u00f3 una campa\u00f1a contra la corrupci\u00f3n y ahora encara una nueva etapa basada en el \u201cchinese dream\u201d, mezclando dinamismo econ\u00f3mico y medidas encaminadas a potenciar la igualdad social. Adem\u00e1s, Xi Jinping ha eliminado de la constituci\u00f3n el tope de dos mandatos que hasta ahora ten\u00edan los Presidentes de la Rep\u00fablica Popular y ostenta tambi\u00e9n el puesto de Secretario General del Comit\u00e9 Central del Partido Comunista de China, un ente que agrupa a 90 millones de chinos y que est\u00e1 legitimado \u2013a ojos de la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica interna- por sus espectacular resultados econ\u00f3micos, sacando a 600 millones de personas de la pobreza<\/strong>, y por las perspectivas de convertir a China de nuevo en una potencia mundial. <\/p>\n

En esta direcci\u00f3n, China ya no es un pa\u00eds replegado sobre s\u00ed mismo, sino que se ha abierto al exterior: vende productos al extranjero y adquiere materias primas en otros mercados, lo que le obliga a una mayor presencia internacional<\/strong>, sustentada \u2013en parte- por su desarrollo econ\u00f3mico. Aunque su crecimiento anual ha disminuido de un 14% al 6% esto o debe entenderse como un retroceso, sino como una transici\u00f3n hacia un crecimiento controlado, en el que el Gobierno controla que las grandes empresas p\u00fablicas no terminen convirti\u00e9ndose en \u201czombies\u201d que produzcan sin atender a las necesidades reales del mercado. Y es que, el gobierno chino mantiene un control absoluto de los mecanismos financieros que le permiten sortear sin turbulencias las recesiones econ\u00f3micas que azotan a otras econom\u00edas. <\/p>\n

Por otro lado, el mundo productivo del gigante asi\u00e1tico ya no se centra en la copia de manufacturas occidentales, sino que son punteros en la producci\u00f3n de tecnolog\u00eda y generaci\u00f3n de patentes a nivel mundial<\/strong>. De igual manera, la lucha contra la contaminaci\u00f3n se ha convertido en una de las prioridades del gobierno de Xi Jinping. Otra de las grandes iniciativas del \u201cnuevo mandar\u00edn\u201d es la creaci\u00f3n de una ruta de la seda del siglo XXI<\/strong>, que busca convertir a China en jugador muy activo en el mundo pol\u00edtico mundial, exportando los excedentes de las grandes empresas chinas y ayudando a desarrollar el este de China as\u00ed como a consolidar su presencia en Asia Central de cara a la posible emergencia de un mundo post-anglosaj\u00f3n. En esta l\u00ednea la estrategia de China, que previsiblemente superar\u00e1 a Estados Unidos como potencia econ\u00f3mica en 2027, busca aumentar su presencia en la escena internacional. Bien a trav\u00e9s de medios militares, tales como el cintur\u00f3n de bases navales de China a Djibuti o potenciando una narrativa de China como potencia hegem\u00f3nica en el mar de la China meridional en base a antiguas expediciones de navegantes chinos, vali\u00e9ndose de su influencia econ\u00f3mica sobre otros pa\u00edses de Asia-Pac\u00edfico o del peso espec\u00edfico de las minor\u00edas chinas en otros estados del sudeste asi\u00e1tico como Filipnas, Tailandia o Indonesia. <\/p>\n

Pablo Blanco
\nINCIPE<\/p>\n

\"6787-017\"<\/a> \"6787-021\"<\/a> \"6787-023\"<\/a>On June the 14th, INCIPE organized a working breakfast under the title China, A New Date with History<\/em>, presented by Manuel Valencia, former Ambassador of Spain to the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) from 2013 to 2017. <\/strong><\/p>\n

True civilization-state; China is unlike any country. Twenty percent of mankind resides on Chinese soil. And, with a strong national identity resulting from more than 5.000 years of uninterrupted Chinese civilization, China sees itself as an independent and important culture and player in the world. Today, China is under the rule of a new \u2018dynasty\u2019, headed by the \u2018Emperor\u2019 Xi Jinping. The Chinese leader initiated an ongoing campaign against corruption aiming at riding the Chinese State of corrupt officials. President Xi is also implementing a set of economic and social reforms based on the \u201cChinese Dream\u201d<\/strong>, which mixes capitalist economic dynamism, social equality, and authoritarian features. Moreover, Xi Jinping has eliminated the traditional constitutional limit of two presidential terms, which allows him to rule indefinitely. Xi is also the Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party: An omnipresent political entity of 90 million people that controls every aspect of Chinese economy and society, and which draws extensive legitimacy from China\u2019s economic success (lifting 600 million people out of poverty) and the country\u2019s prospects of becoming again a new world power.<\/p>\n

Unlike in the past, China is no longer an isolationist country. China has opened itself to the world. The country imports raw materials from other countries and exports its products to foreign markets to sustain its own population. This forces China to have a greater international presence, sustained in part by its economic growth. Despite Western analysts\u2019 catastrophic forecasts regarding China\u2019s slowdown in economic growth from 14% to 6% a year, the country continues to grow sustainably. This moderation in growth should rather be seen as a shift towards controlled growth resulting from China\u2019s significant effort to fight climate change and the Chinese government\u2019s reforms of \u2018zombie\u2019-like public companies that overproduced at high costs and overwhelming the market demand. And the thing is that the Chinese government has an unparalleled grip on the country\u2019s economy, which has allowed the country to dodge the economic crisis that so much have troubled other countries. From the productive perspective, the Asian Giant has moved from copying the West and being the world\u2019s factory to becoming the world\u2019s laboratory and the world\u2019s grand market<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

China has also taken a more active political role abroad. One of the new great initiatives of China is the \u201cOne Belt One Road\u201d<\/strong>, which aims at increasing connectivity between China and the rest of Eurasian countries to build a China-centered trading network that would develop the eastern provinces of China, consolidate its presence in Central Asia, and give China a larger role in international affairs in the context of the emergence of a post-Anglo-Saxon world. China, which is expected to economically surpass the US by 2027, does not want to control the world, but it does not want a world controlled by the West only. China seeks to achieve a stronger international presence and defend its national interests. The country is building a belt of naval military and trading bases from China to Djibouti under the String of Pearls Strategy, and it is increasing its military presence in the disputed waters of the South China Sea and strengthening its navy. China also makes use of its economic influence and the influence of its diaspora abroad over its Asia-Pacific neighbors such as the Philippines, Thailand, or Indonesia. China faces limitations and challenges as well. The country does not have a strong ties of friendship with its neighbors, and the US is ready try to slow down China\u2019s growth. Finally, China has to exert caution under the pressure of its own large population. The country\u2019s successes must be divided by its population, but its failure multiplied. <\/p>\n

Luis Enrique Moya C\u00e1novas
\nINCIPE<\/p>\n

\"6787-017\"<\/a> \"6787-021\"<\/a> \"6787-023\"<\/a>
\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El pasado 14 de junio, INCIPE organiz\u00f3 un Desayuno de Trabajo tituladoo China, una nueva cita con la historia, que corri\u00f3 a cargo del Embajador de Espa\u00f1a en la Rep\u00fablica […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5711,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desayunos-de-trabajo"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5709"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5709\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}