{"id":5699,"date":"2018-06-07T13:50:03","date_gmt":"2018-06-07T11:50:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.incipe.org\/?p=5699"},"modified":"2018-06-07T13:50:03","modified_gmt":"2018-06-07T11:50:03","slug":"mexico-situacion-actual-y-perspectivas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/2018\/06\/07\/mexico-situacion-actual-y-perspectivas\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9xico, situaci\u00f3n actual y perspectivas"},"content":{"rendered":"

El pasado 7 de junio, INCIPE organiz\u00f3 un Desayuno de Trabajo bajo el t\u00edtulo M\u00e9xico: situaci\u00f3n actual y perspectivas<\/em> cuya presentaci\u00f3n corri\u00f3 a cargo de Roberta Lajous, Excma. Embajadora de M\u00e9xico en Espa\u00f1a. El encuentro gir\u00f3 en torno a la actulidad mexicana y a las pr\u00f3ximas elecciones del pa\u00eds norteamericano, que tendr\u00e1n lugar en el mes de julio.
\n<\/strong>
\nHoy en d\u00eda, M\u00e9xico se ha convertido en una potencia regional gracias a su pujante econom\u00eda y al denominado bono demogr\u00e1fico<\/strong>, ya que la poblaci\u00f3n mexicana en edad de trabajar es muy superior al porcentaje de ancianos y dependientes, lo que repercute positivamente en el desarrollo del Estado. Adem\u00e1s, M\u00e9xico tiene una tasa de migraci\u00f3n muy baja. Sin embargo, es un pa\u00eds clave en los desplazamientos de poblaci\u00f3n en Am\u00e9rica<\/strong> ya que se trata el punto de paso entre los pa\u00edses del sur y Estados Unidos. Aun as\u00ed, hay muchos inmigrantes que deciden buscar un futuro en M\u00e9xico trabajando en el sector agr\u00edcola y hotelero. <\/p>\n

Por otro lado, M\u00e9xico, como firme defensor del multilateralismo y del libre comercio forma parte de 11 acuerdos de libre comercio<\/strong>, que le dan acceso a los mercados de 46 pa\u00edses. As\u00ed, adem\u00e1s del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Am\u00e9rica del Norte (NAFTA por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), el estado norteamericano ya ha negociado un acuerdo comercial con la Uni\u00f3n Europea que ser\u00e1 aprobado en un futuro pr\u00f3ximo. De la misma manera es miembro del G-20, uno de los l\u00edderes de la Alianza del Pac\u00edfico<\/strong> y un firme defensor de la importancia del castellano como veh\u00edculo cultural y de alianza con Espa\u00f1a.<\/p>\n

Desde la llegada de Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto, del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) a la presidencia en 2012, se han acometido una serie de reformas estructurales que contaron con un amplio apoyo entre los tres principales partidos mexicanos<\/strong>. La primera de ellas \u2013y tambi\u00e9n la m\u00e1s cuestionada- es la reforma educativa, que obliga a los profesores a superar unas oposiciones para poder ejercer. En la misma l\u00ednea, la Administraci\u00f3n de Pe\u00f1a Nieto ha realizado una subida de impuestos para equipararse a los niveles de la Organizaci\u00f3n para la Cooperaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3micos (OCDE). Asimismo, ha reformado el sector de las telecomunicaciones para romper los monopolios estatales y ha llevado la banda ancha al 90% del territorio nacional. Otro monopolio ya superado es el energ\u00e9tico, donde PEMEX ya no es el \u00fanico operador del mercado petrol\u00edfero mexicano. Las dem\u00e1s reformas acometidas en el \u00faltimo sexenio han ido encaminadas a aumentar la transparencia de las administraciones p\u00fablicas a dinamizar el mercado laboral, a aumentar la disciplina fiscal de los gobiernos locales y estatales. Tambi\u00e9n se ha levantado la prohibici\u00f3n de repetir mandatos para senadores y alcaldes, aunque limitando su reelecci\u00f3n a un segundo mandato (6 a\u00f1os en total). Una reelecci\u00f3n a la que Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto, sin embargo, no podr\u00e1 optar en las elecciones de julio, ya que el cargo de Presidente sigue limitado a un solo mandato de seis a\u00f1os. <\/p>\n

Precisamente los comicios del mes que viene ser\u00e1n hist\u00f3ricos en M\u00e9xico por varias razones<\/strong>. En primer lugar por el gran n\u00famero de electores llamados a las urnas: 89 millones (13 de los cuales votar\u00e1n por primera vez). Pero tambi\u00e9n por los 18.300 cargos (621 federales) en juego. Sin embargo, la participaci\u00f3n de los mexicanos residentes fuera de sus fronteras ha sido decepcionante, ya que solo 118.000 se han registrado para depositar su voto. Sea cual sea el resultado de los comicios, el nuevo inquilino de Los Pinos (la residencia presidencial mexicana) deber\u00e1 lidiar con varios retos: la relaci\u00f3n con EEUU, en la que prima la cooperaci\u00f3n seguritaria y fronteriza a pesar de los tweets de Donald Trump, el control de la frontera sur de M\u00e9xico<\/strong> y la pol\u00e9mica Ley de Seguridad<\/strong> destinada a luchar contra el narcotr\u00e1fico. <\/p>\n

Pablo Blanco
\nINCIPE<\/p>\n

\"6782--004\"<\/a> \"6782--020\"<\/a> \"6782--024\"<\/a> \"6782--029\"<\/a> \"6782--025\"<\/a> \"6782--018\"<\/a><\/p>\n

On June the 7th, INCIPE organized a working breakfast titled Mexico: Current Situation and Prospects<\/strong>, presented by Roberta Lajous, ambassador of Mexico to Spain.<\/strong> In the last years Mexico has steadily advanced towards becoming a large middle power with considerable influence in the world. Mexico is already among the top 15 world economies<\/strong>, and the country expects to continue to grow economically- largely thanks to its demographic bonus- to make it the top 10 by 2050. Although there is still much to be done with social issues, inequality, and security, Mexico is aware that the next few years will be especially important in tackling these problems. <\/p>\n

Mexico is a country open to the world and with a long tradition of multilateralism that dates back to the interwar period. The country is a proud member of international economic forums such as the G-20 and a defender of free trade. Mexico has currently signed 11 free-trade agreements that give them access to the markets of 40 different countries<\/strong>. The NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is still undergoing negotiations for its renovation, despite the new tariffs on steel and aluminum imposed by President Trump\u2019s administration. Mexico is especially satisfied with the new free trade agreement that was reached with the EU in April 2018, for which Spain acted as the main interlocutor between Mexico and the EU. <\/p>\n

The relationship between Spain and Mexico is at a high point. The communication between the two states has been constant and fluid for the last 40 years- regardless of the parties in government -, and the two countries share the same positions at the different international gatherings. Cooperation and interactions with the Spanish government, businesses, and well-educated immigrants have historically proven very useful for Mexico\u2019s development and the implementation of the recent structural reforms. Spain and Mexico also cooperate in promoting the teaching and learning of Spanish in the world<\/strong>. Regarding Mexico\u2019s neighbor to the north, despite the new US administration hostile stance towards Mexico, the cooperation in security matters between the two countries remains very strong. The common border and the large volume of commercial exchanges force the two countries to cooperate in their fight against drug-trafficking and have created a situation of strong economic interdependence. However, there is a growing number of Mexican politicians who want to strain Mexico\u2019s relations with the US in response to President Trump\u2019s attitude towards their country. Migration-wise, Mexico\u2019s net migration to the United States has dropped to 0, and Mexico has become a transit country for Centro American migrants in their journey towards the US<\/strong>. These migrants frequently decide to stay in the booming south eastern states of Mexico such as Yucat\u00e1n. This new pressure on the southern border of Mexico requires an integral response focusing on the economic development of Central America to reduce the migration flow.<\/p>\n

In the last term, Mexico has passed a series of structural reforms with a view to promote sustained economic growth that have begun to be implemented<\/strong>. The most transcendental one is the education reform, which aims at increasing the country\u2019s human capital. For the first time teachers will have to pass public examinations, and students will be evaluated regularly. In the economic realm, the labor market has been made more flexible, the traditionally low taxes have been increased to fund more public programs, and the sectors of telecommunications and energy (especially oil) have been liberalized and their monopolies broken. Regarding the political reforms, Mexico is trying to increase the transparency of its public institutions<\/strong>, and it has imposed fiscal discipline over the local and state governments, which used to be able to indebt themselves without any regulation. Finally, the new electoral law facilitates the vote from abroad and allows, for the first time, the reelection of senators, representatives, and mayors.<\/p>\n

The next elections have no precedents: Eighty-nine million voters have to renovate 18 000 political positions at the federal, state, and local level. The logistics effort is going to be very large. These are the most competitive elections in Mexico\u2019s history, and, although the results are hardly predictable, there is a chance that power shifts hands to the antiestablishment party of Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador. <\/p>\n

Luis Enrique Moya C\u00e1novas
\nINCIPE<\/p>\n

\"6782--004\"<\/a> \"6782--020\"<\/a> \"6782--024\"<\/a> \"6782--029\"<\/a> \"6782--025\"<\/a> \"6782--018\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El pasado 7 de junio, INCIPE organiz\u00f3 un Desayuno de Trabajo bajo el t\u00edtulo M\u00e9xico: situaci\u00f3n actual y perspectivas cuya presentaci\u00f3n corri\u00f3 a cargo de Roberta Lajous, Excma. Embajadora de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desayunos-de-trabajo"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5699"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5699\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}