{"id":5665,"date":"2018-05-16T15:01:45","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:01:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.incipe.org\/?p=5665"},"modified":"2018-05-16T15:01:45","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:01:45","slug":"humanitarian-law-and-new-technologies-in-armed-conflict-an-icrc-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/2018\/05\/16\/humanitarian-law-and-new-technologies-in-armed-conflict-an-icrc-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Humanitarian Law and New Technologies in armed conflict: an ICRC perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"

El pasado 16 de mayo, INCIPE organiz\u00f3 un Desayuno de Trabajo bajo el t\u00edtulo Humanitarian Law and New Technologies in armed conflicts: an ICRC perspective<\/em> cuya presentaci\u00f3n corri\u00f3 a cargo de Vincent Bernard, Head of Law & Policy Forum, International Committee of Red Cross. El acto se celebr\u00f3 en colaboraci\u00f3n con la Embajada de Suiza en Espa\u00f1a y con Cruz Roja Espa\u00f1ola.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La Cruz Roja se ha enfrentado, desde su nacimiento, a los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos aplicados a los conflictos b\u00e9licos. Sin embargo, hoy en d\u00eda se vive una nueva revoluci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica que ha tra\u00eddo nuevos y profundos cambios a las guerras y a los conflictos del siglo XXI. La ciberguerra, el espectacular desarrollo de la Inteligencia artificial (IA), la creaci\u00f3n de los denominados \u201crobots asesinos\u201d, as\u00ed como la nanotecnolog\u00eda y el uso de productos qu\u00edmicos para aumentar el rendimiento de los soldados, son s\u00f3lo algunos de los retos a los que debe enfrentarse actualmente. As\u00ed, aunque por el momento estas nuevas tecnolog\u00edas no causan v\u00edctimas, la Cruz Roja estima que es muy necesaria actuar de manera preventiva para regular los efectos potenciales de estas nuevas armas, asegur\u00e1ndose de que estas cumplan con las l\u00edneas rojas que establece el Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH). Y es que los nuevos sistemas de armamento no nacen en un vac\u00edo legal, sino que tambi\u00e9n deben cumplir con la ley: han de ser usadas con precauci\u00f3n, deben distinguir civiles de militares y los da\u00f1os colaterales (v\u00edctimas no combatientes) deben ser proporcionales. Adem\u00e1s, los Estados firmantes de la Convenci\u00f3n de Ginebra tienen la obligaci\u00f3n de revisar la legalidad de las nuevas armas que desarrollen<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Hoy en d\u00eda, son dos los principales temas en los que trabaja la Cruz Roja: los sistemas de armas aut\u00f3nomos y la Ciberguerra. Sobre el primero, el foco est\u00e1 puesto en el desarrollo de drones y otro tipo de sistemas que operen de manera completamente aut\u00f3noma. Desde la Cruz Roja apuestan porque los drones sean controlados por humanos en tiempo real, para ser capaces de determinar la proporcionalidad y la estimaci\u00f3n de da\u00f1os colaterales, ya que el Derecho Internacional debe ser aplicado por inteligencias humanas. Respecto a la Ciberguerra, la Cruz Roja cree que las reglas no son diferentes a las de cualquier otro tipo de armas o de ataques y que los Estados deben clarificar su posici\u00f3n respecto a este tema y respetar los l\u00edmites establecidos por el Derecho Internacional Humanitario, ya que los ataques a infraestructuras cr\u00edticas o al sistema bancario de un pa\u00eds, tiene efectos sobre la poblaci\u00f3n civil. Las cr\u00edticas de la Cruz Roja a estos dos \u00e1mbitos no implican que deban prohibirse, sino que han de regularse y adaptarse al Derecho Internacional Humanitario. <\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, las Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas tienen un lado positivo para el Derecho Internacional Humanitario, as\u00ed, la organizaci\u00f3n radicada en Ginebra usa el reconocimiento facial para el reagrupamiento familiar de refugiados y ha desarrollado videojuegos para el entrenamiento de su personal. <\/p>\n

Pablo Blanco
\nINCIPE<\/p>\n

\"6774--016\"<\/a> \"6774--021\"<\/a> \"6774--022\"<\/a>
\nOn May the 16th, INCIPE organized a working breakfast titled Humanitarian Law and New Technologies in Armed Conflict: An ICRC Perspective<\/em>, presented by Vincent Bernard, Head of Law and Policy Forum of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The event was held in collaboration with the Embassy of Switzerland in Spain and the Spanish Red Cross. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Since its creation, International Red Cross has faced the application of technological advances to armed conflict. Today, we are living a new technological revolution that has brought new and deep changes to warfare in the 21st century. Among the new challenges that we have to face today we find cyberwarfare, the spectacular development of AI, the creation of Lethal Autonomous Weapons (the so-called \u201ckiller robots\u201d), nanotechnology, and the chemical enhancement of soldiers. Even though these new technologies are not causing casualties yet, International Red Cross deems it necessary to preventively regulate the potential effects of these new weapons and make sure that they comply with the principles of International Humanitarian Law. New weapons systems are not born in legal loopholes. They must comply with the law: they must be used with precaution, they must distinguish between combatants and non-combatants, and collateral damage (non-combatant victims) has to be limited and proportional. Moreover, signatory states of the Geneva Conventions must verify the lawfulness of the new weapons they develop.<\/p>\n

Today, International Red Cross focuses on two main topics: Lethal Autonomous Systems (LAWs) and cyberwarfare. Concerning LAWs, the focus is on drones and systems able to operate in a completely autonomous way. International Red Cross advocates for drones to be always controlled by humans in real time in order to be able to estimate collateral damage and act proportionally. International Law must be applied by human intelligence. International Red Cross believes that cyberwarfare rules should be no different to those regarding the use of any other type of weapon of attack and that states must clarify their position regarding the cyberwarfare and respect the limits established by the International Humanitarian Law. Cyberattacks on critical infrastructures or the banking system also harm the civilian population. International Red Cross\u2019s criticisms of these new fields of warfare do not imply that they must be prohibited. Instead, they should be regulated and adapted to the International Humanitarian Law.<\/p>\n

Finally, new technologies also have ha positive side for International Humanitarian Law. The Geneva-based organization uses facial recognition for family reunification and has developed a videogame to train its staff.<\/p>\n

Pablo Blanco
\nINCIPE<\/p>\n

\"6774--016\"<\/a> \"6774--021\"<\/a> \"6774--022\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El pasado 16 de mayo, INCIPE organiz\u00f3 un Desayuno de Trabajo bajo el t\u00edtulo Humanitarian Law and New Technologies in armed conflicts: an ICRC perspective cuya presentaci\u00f3n corri\u00f3 a cargo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desayunos-de-trabajo"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5665\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacionincipe.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}